Cooling system



Dec. 3, 1946. Q R TON y 2,411,936

COOLING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 5, 1945- 3 sheets-smet 1 nventor fc5/@we @afmc`. R. PAToN COOLING SYSTEM Dec. 3, 1946.

F'iled Aug. 5, 1945 5 SheetsSheet 2 (lttomegs c. R. PAToN COOLING SYSTEMDec. 3, 1946.

Filed Aug. -5, 1945 3 *Sheets-Sheet 3 de IQ ,0a/1022 of Figurel;

PatentiedDec'. 3, v19246 oxyde mrat, yisnimmghani.Mien., assignor if@ fGeneral C ms.

.'Ilhis invention relates to *cooling `irre-a y Application Augusty.-.forinfof *fand-:shown--in section;

A'more :particularlyfto auxiliary coolingf meansfor .cooling parts ofVaircraft engines.`

In any internal combustionengme.theprimary `object of cooling is .toconduct the heat away from the .cylinder walls and head with sufficientrapidity to prevent their being raised abovea criti- .cal temperature.IWith this object most engines are provided with a primary coolingsystemgto `accomplish-this. There are two. main systems:air-cooled,which utilizes cooling ns to dissipate the heat to rairforced thereover; or liquid-cooled, in which water or some other liquidiiowsthrough coolingchannels in the casings aroundthe combustionchamber. There are in eachcase, however, other parts of the engine andits associated partsthat it maybe'necessary to cool and which are notsatisfactorily cooled by the main or priengine 2.0i theliquid-cooledty'pe which-is mountmary cooling system,`especia1ly Wherethe engine is mounted within a relativelyclose housing and ,anyauxiliary heat removal willaid in engine opf eration. For example, thepipesy carrying the exhaust gases to the atmosphere acquire a great dea1of heat therefrom and no particularcooling Lmeans is .usually providedtherefor. Also, the temperature in the vicinity of the spark plugs maybe excessive andthe Aperformance ofthe f plugs maybe improved by coolingthis area.

It is ytherefore an object of my invention to provide auxiliary coolingmeans-for an engine.

It is a further object o i my inventionfto Vprovide auxiliary coolingmeans for the exhaust means,

It is a still further object of my invention to provide auxiliarycooling means for cooling the spark plugs.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide auxiliarycooling means to lower the operating temperature of various partsof anengine. f f With these and other objects in view,which-will becomeapparent as the specicatlon proceeds, the embodiments of my inventionwill be best understood by reference to thefollowing specica- "tion andclaims and the illustrations in the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my construction as applied to anaircraft engine;v ,Y

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view takenon Allin-.eS--vf'il of Figure 1; y v

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken online 4-4 I" Figure 5 is a topplanview showingy a modified means-pf a ringl and wtherefore it must b ea fairly strong and rigidassembly. The ring 6 has .tion transmittedVvthe ring 6 andl forms :of Figure 9.-; A*

of they cowling by Yrivets nuts fui.v The bolts l2 jwith` respectI tothe ring neuwagen@ ,Si

Figure-'Z Visa sectional viewtakenlonjine A, ofi-.Figure 5.; f-

rfligure 8 is; a side elevation cia iurtherrnodiiied form of myinvention; f -Y l I Figure 9.is an enlargedsectional view on Referringnow more particularly to the drawings, there isshown indotand-dashfoutline'an ed in av1 housing g4 also shown in dot-and-.dash

of a planes fuselage. This housing is roughlyiof .torpedo shape:V

is,-supp0rtedf.1f0m the front ofthe engine. by

its outer peripherytsecuredto the inner surface 8 or similar securingmeans.A Thetforward portion of theengine projects through thev centeropening I0 in the ring Y and is. secured y which extend from the theretoby a plurality of boltsl2 engine housing through openingshinf'the'ringand are secured thereto'by are resiliently Amounted by rubber washers i6on each side of the ring. This will reduce the vibratothe fuselage fromthe engine. The ring 6 acts as a bulkhead in the housing.

-,An. annular toroidal member. I8 is secured to therewith a circularhollow chamber. One side 200i the member I8 is parall leljw' h thecowling and-iissecured thereto by the rivetsv 8; a second side 22extends radially inward; and thefthird side 24 extends axially back andis secured to the ring.

l The cowling is provided with a pair of spaced openings through wh1chproject ears or scoops 26 integral with the annular torus which facefor- ,ward' and force air intor the chamber when the plane moves throughthe air ori-the propeller rotates. Along ythe sides and top koftheengine are La rpluralityof longitudinally extending exhaust lines 28which conduct the hot gases -from the cylinders vto ,the discharge`point at; the rear.; Of

The forward portion is tapered I and the nose of thegtorpedo sectionisprovided by .-.the *propeller hub also shown` in dot-and-dash -lines.;@l r ,.1 n ,r The forward portion ofthe housing or cowling v for coolingthe' exhaust lines. tion the enclosure conducting the air around theexhaust lines is'formed of twohalves 54 and 5S necessity these linesoperate at very high temperatures and it is desirable to eliminate thisheat from the engine area. A collector shrowd 30 is therefore mountedaround,'but spaced a short distance from, each exhaust line to enclosethe same for its length along the engine, but permit Acoolant. leakageat points where the manifold is connectedjtothecylindergblock. Theforward ends'of the shro'wds 30 are brought into juxtaposition with thetoroidal chamber and are connected into the same by flexible tubing 32'fitted to openings 33. Thus air scooped vYintothe chamber may flow backthrough the shrowds 30 and cool the exhaust lines.

There are also located in aseries of longitu-f l dnal rows on the enginea lset of spark plugs to ignite the gasoline mixture Aina series of,vcylin. ders. These are shown at 34 and are located adjacent the exhaustlines. A hollow tube 36 yis mounted adjacent each row of spark plugswhich hasa series off'openings 38. therein adjacent each plug so thatair will blowon the plug to cool it off. As in the previous case, theforward end of the tube 36 is connected to the annular air chamberby-fleXi-bletubing 46 fitted to openings 4|. There are as many exhaustshrowd tubes and f-spar'kplug tubes as there are exhaust lines and rowsof spark plugs.

Therefore, with air entering the ears or scoops 26 to provide a certainair pressure'within the" "annular chamber, air is provided to flow back*thro-ughthe tubes 3S and 36 to cool the exhaust lines and the sparkplugs and therefore permit the engine to operate at a cooler temperatureand *lengthen the life of the parts. Since the annular chamber issubstantially of square cross section, as shown f in Figure 2, it isstrong mechanically and assists considerably in strengthening thefuselage or cowling.

1 Referring now to the form of invention shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7,there is providedy as before ythe enginef located within the housing 4,the

latter in this instance terminating in a plane apl-proximatelyattheforward'end of the engine. An annular plate 6 secured to and supportedby the engine isfianged over at its outer periphery and secured'to theinner surface of the housing 4 g by rivetsS. An annular tor'oidal member52 similar toimember i3 is secured around the outer vedge of plate S bythe same rivets 8. The angular member 52 is secured to the plate 5' andAhas a cylindrical portion which extends out axf ially--of thefengineand then parallel to the plate 6 until its diameter is approximatelythat of the housing. The outer periphery extends back toward the outeredge of plate 6 and forms with the plate 6 an annular air intakechamber. Scoops 26 are supported outside the housing as before to forceair into `the chamber.

The plate has openings 4i therein for the connection of tubes 35 to coolthe spark plugs 3ft and also larger openings 33' to provide air In thismodificawhich are so stamped as to conform to an upper 58 and sho-rtbrackets Eil extending out from the face of the motor block areconnected. thereto by the same bolts to support the assemblyon theside-of the engine. The front and rear portions of the-enclosure aredrawninto cylindrical shape such as 62 and-64 tok be secured to theflangedi opening 33 and enclose the exhaust pipe 66 respectively. Inthis manner air flowing in through opening 33 will wipe over the wholeof the exhaust manifold up to within a short distance of the engine andpass out over the exhaust pipe to cool the same.

The modification shown in Figures 8-12 inc. has the same annularcollectionf'chainber formed o'fannular plate' and angular ring 52, thescoops 26 not showing in this vertical section. Air is thereforecollected and introduced into this chamber for the distribution to theVarious parts as before, The enclosing chamber for the exhaust manifoldhowever in this instance has two rectly'the exhaust manifold and thesecond being inthe nature of a bypass for introducing cool air to thoseparts which tend to run hottest.

Thisl enclosure consists of one stamping I0 adapted to be secured to theengine block at the manifold and .having'o-penings 'l2therein throughwhich AAthefmanifold stacks may pass. This'portion is stamped to conformto theshape ofthe manifold ina vertical plane as best shown in Figurey1l and extends up over the same to conduct air into proximity with theexhaust manifold but let it circulate past. A vsecond half 14 completesthe enclosure, the two halves being held together vby cap screws 'I6spaced along the 'seams and by spacer bolts 18 through the centerportion. Within the top of theenclosure formed by these twohalves thereare provided at suitable points resilient spacers adapted to pressagainst the exhaust manifold and the inside of the enclosure. f

The hottest points in the exhaust manifold are of course the pointswhere the hot gases are introduced from the combustion chambers or thatpoint ladjacent openings 72 calledl the stacks. Thereforeit would beadvantageous to introduce additional `cooling fluid atthese points.Also, as the air or other coolingffluid flows back'within the enclosure,it is heated so that by the time it reaches the rear it does not havethesame heat f' absorbing ability that it had farther to the front.

It would therefore be advantageous to introduce more air toward therear. y'I'hese advantages are provided in the present design byincluding a baflie t2` which encloses a bypass chamber 84 to one side ofthe exhaust manifold. This is held in-place by the spacer bolts 'i8which carry clamping spacer portions 86 and 88 to clamp the bafile. v

Cut into'the baille 82 at points lying opposite f' the exhaust manifoldstacks are slots 93 so that air in the bypass may flowthrough the slotsdirectly onto the stacks and of course at the rear end the bafiiewallceases and the air may ow over the whole exhaust manifold. In this,man- .ner cool .air is bypassed from the intake and passed along theside of the enclosure to be introduced at those points of highesttemperature. The air flowing through the remainder of the enclosurecools as it flows'over the exhaust manifold.

It will thus beobvious Afrom the foregoing that I have provided achamber for collecting fluid under pressure for cooling that also servesas a support for the cowling or housing and that in cooling the manifoldI have also provided additional`r supplementary cooling for the hottestpoints,

I claim: e

l. In auxiliary cooling means for alsubmerged liquid cooled .internalcombustion engne'mounted within a housing having a hollow memberconnected to both the housing and the engine, means for introducing airinto the chamber and ducts connected to the member and extending backover the engine to cool certain desired points whereby the member actsas both a distributor of cooling iiuid and a support for the housing. y

2. In auxiliary cooling means for a submerged liquid cooled internalcombustion engine mounted within a circular housing, and having anannular hollow chamber secured between the engine front and the housing,air scoops connected to the chamber to conduct air thereinto, aplurality of longitudinally extending ducts which extend back over theengine connected to the chamber to conduct air for cooling to variousparts of the 6 engine, whereby the annular chamber reinforces thesupport for the housingr and acts as an air reservoir.

3. In auxiliary cooling means for a submerged liquid cooled internalcombustion engine mounted within a circular housing and having exhaustlines and spark plugs, and an annular hollow chamber mounted between theenginefront and the housing, means to conduct air Vinto the chamber, aplurality of longitudinally extending cooling ducts adjacent the exhaustlines and spark` plugs and means for connecting the same to the chamberwhereby the annular chamber reinforces the means to support the circularhousing and also acts as an air reservoir for cooling.

CLYDE R. PATON.

